Higher up someone posted an example of that and it seems like no: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25259046

Only one of the two shows, as expected it only shows if the ID of the quoted tweet is smaller than that of the tweet itself.

This also means that in general, you can't quote a non-existing future tweet hoping it'll be something cool in the future. Well you can but the preview won't work.