Most such standardized tests, atleast now-a-days, are objective-MCQ type questions that feature heavily on certain core stem subjects as Maths, Science etc.
This is partially to allow examiners to create a bank of questions that can be rotated around easily, and also to create easily markable exams that can be OCR-ed automatically and don't require manual markers.
(I think the SAT English essay is an outlier, in most countries these sorts of subjective questions are simply not a part of standardized test, at least for competitive tests like University Entry)
I think it's hard to argue an MCQ marginalizes anyone.
It depends on who writes the tests and who the tests are written for.
There's a long and shameful history of standardized tests being written to benefit certain groups over others, or to stigmatize certain groups.
Just because a test is standardized doesn't make it fair.