There are various options, but if you use syncthing, it is as easy as creating a share on your PC or backup machine and on the phone. Everything gets synced automatically.

> Everything gets synced automatically

That's not true though, is it? "Everything" kind of implies an iPhone-style backup. You can't do that without root AIUI

Maybe you can give us more details about how you achieve a full up-and-running restore "in minutes"? I run GrapheneOS so very interested.

(Syncthing for Android is deprecated, too)

Well everything you chose to sync gets synced. Like photos, documents etc. You can also set up apps in such a way where they make automatic local backups on your phone in the folder that gets synced. There are multiple android apps for syncthing

(not OP but been on Grapheneos for a couple of years).

I don't. I transfer any important data like photos to a real computer weekly

Mail, Calendar and Contacts are handled by IMAP and DavX. Passwords are in 1Password

I have minimal apps so setting up a new device wouldn't be too much trouble