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> If you flip a coin a hundred times and it comes up heads 98 times, you're probably safe in assuming it's a biased coin.

OTOH, if you flip it several billion times and it has a run of 98 heads, you can't, on that basis alone, conclude that it is a biased coin.

You can't just pull the run out and treat it as if it was the whole universe of data.



I'd still put a pretty high likelihood that it's biased. A run of 98 in 10 billion flips of a fair coin is vanishingly unlikely.




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